FRACTURE EPONYMS
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🎉UPPER LIMB
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1. Mallet finger:- Avulsion or rupture of extensor tendon from the base of the distal phalanx.
2. Jersey finger:-Avulsion of flexor tendon (FDP) from base of distal phalanx.
3. Gamekeeper’s/Skier’s thumb:- Avulsion of the ulnar collateral ligament at MCP joint of thumb from base of proximal phalanx.
4. Bennett’s fracture dislocation:- Oblique, displaced intraarticular fracture of the base of the first metacarpal with subluxation of the trapeziometacarpal joint such that the shaft of the first metacarpal is displaced laterally by abductor pollicis longus.
5. Rolando facture:- Intra-articular Y shaped fracture of the base of the first metacarpal with same but relatively less of diaphyseal diaplacements as a Bennett’s fracture.
6. Boxer’s fracture:- Fracture through the neck of the 5th metacarpal,usually occurs in boxers.
7. Kaplan’s dislocation:- Dislocation of the MCP joint (classically of index finger).
8. Colles fracture:- A fracture at the corticocancellous junction of the distal end of the radius with dorsal tilt of distal fragment, commonly seen in postmenopausal osteoporotic females.
9. Smith’s fracture:- A fracture at the corticocancellous junction of the distal end of the radius with ventral till of distal fragement(also called ad reverse colles fracture).
10. Barton’s fracture:- Intra-articular fractures through the distal articular surface of the radius, taking a margin of radius with the carpals, displaced anteriorly or posteriorly.
11. Chauffeur fracture:- A fracture of the styloid process of the radius.
12. Die punch fracture:- A comminuted impacted fracture of distal radius.
13. Torus fracture:- Special fracture pattern seen in children where a single cortex of bone is buckled inside. It is mostly seen in distal radius.
14. Green stick fracture:- A special fracture pattern seen classically in children (due to elastic bones and a thick periosteum)where there is break in a single cortex of bone and on X-ray one finds only bending of bones.
15. Night stick fracture:- A fracture of the shaft of ulna sustained while trying to protect from a stick blow.
16. Monteggia fracture:- Fracture of the proximal third of the ulna with dislocation of the radial head.
17. Galeazzi fracture (Piedmont fracture) :- Fracture of the distal third of radius with subluxation of the distal radio ulnar joint.
18. Side-swipe injury(Baby car fracture):- It is an elbow injury sustained when one’s elbow is protecting out of a car and is side swept by another vehicle. The patient sustains fracture of the distal end of humerus with fracture of proximal ends of radius and ulna.
19. Nurse maid’s elbow/malgaigne’s subluxation:- Refers to pulled elbow which is subluxation of radial head out of the annular ligament.
20. Hotchkiss terrible traid of elbow injury:- Comminuted fracture of the radial head, fracture of the coronoid process of ulna and posterolateral dislocation of elbow.
21. Luxatio erecta :-Refers to inferior dislocation of shoulder.
SPINE
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22. Jefferson’s fracture:- Burst fracture of the first cervical vertebra.
23. Whiplash injury:- cervical spine injury where sudden flexion followed by hyperxtension (main damaging force) takes place.
24. Chance fracture:- Also called seat belt fracture, the fracture line runs horizontally through the body of the vertebra, through and through to the posterior elements.
25. Burst fracture:- It is a comminuted fracture of the vertebral body where fragments “brust out” in different directions often entering the canal and injuring cord.
26. Clay-shoveller fracture:- It is an avulsion fracture of spinous process of one or more of the lower cervical or upper thoracic vertebra.
27. Hangman’s fracture:- It is a fracture through the pedicle and lamina of C2 vertebra, with spondylolisthesis of C2 over C3, sustained in hanging (less commonly) or in road traffic accidents (more commonly).
28. Chalk stick fractures:- In these fractures, the fracture line is transverse to the long axis of the bone, like a broken stick of chalk. They are seen mostly in long bones in Paget’s disease, Osteopetrosis, Ankylosing Spondylitis.
29. Growing fracture:- These are skull fractures seen mainly in infacy and early childhood characterized by progressive diastatic enlargement of the fracture line. A complication can be a cystic mass filled with CSF, called as a “leptomeningeal cyst”.
30. Motorcyclist’s fracture:- It is a fracture of the floor of the skull. The base of the skull is divided into two halves, anterior and posterior, each moving independent of each others as if connected via hinge, hence also called as ‘Hinge fracture’.
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🎉PELVIS & LOWER LIMB
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31. Dashboard fracture: A fracture of posterior lip of the acetabulum often associated with posterior dislocation of the hip (outer concomitant injuries can involve femoral condyles, patella and posterior cruciate ligament).
32. Straddle fracture: Bilateral superior and pubic rami fractures.
33. Open book fracture: A pelvic fracture due to anteroposterior compression of pelvis where the pubis symphysis is disrupted and pelvis opens up like a book.
34. Malgaigne’s fracture: A type of pelvis fracture due to sized-to-side compression of pelvis where there is fracture of pubic rami anteriorly and sacroiliac joint or ilium posteriorly but on the same side.
35. Bucket handle fracture: A type of pelvis fracture due to side-to-side compression of pelvis where there is fracture of public rami anteriorly and sacroiliac joint or ilium posteriorly but on the opposite side.
36. Crescent fracture: Iliac wing fracture in pelvis that enters into SI joint.
37. Jumper’s fracture: Transverse fracture of sacrum seen in patients who have a fall from height during suicidal attempt. It is characterized by ‘H’ or ‘U’ shaped fracture line involving upper sacrum (S1 &S2).
38. Wind swept pelvis: It is a lateral compression injury of ipsilateral hemipelvis and open book or external rotation injury of contralateral hemipelvis.
39. Duverney fracture: Isolated iliac wing fracture.
40. Unresolved fracture: Neck of femur fracture
41. Underwear fracture: Inter trochanteric fracture
42. Hoffa fracture: Fracture of the condyles of femur in coronal plane.
43. Bumper fracture: A fracture of the tibial plateau.
44. Toddler’s fracture: A spiral fracture of the tibial shaft seen in toddlers due to twisting injury.
45. Pott’s fracture: Bimalleolar ankle fracture.
46. Cotton’s fracture: Trimalleolar ankle fracture.
47. Bosworth fracture: A fracture dislocation at ankle where fibula is trapped behind tibia.
48. Massonaie’s fracture: In this an ankle fracture is associated with fracture of the neck of fibula.
49. Runner’s fracture: Stress fracture of the distal fibula.
50. Pilon fracture: It is a comminuted intra articular fracture of the distal end of tibia.
51. Tillaux fracture: This is avulsion of anterior tibial margin by the anterior tibiofibular ligament (Salter Harris type III injury).
52. LeForte-Wagstaffe fracture: This is fibular avulsion fracture of the anterior tibiofibular ligament (Counterpart of Tillaux fracture).
53. Aviator’s Fracture: Fracture of neck of talus.
54. Lover’s Fracture / Don Jaun fracture: Calcaneum fracture when there is fall from height.
55. Chopart fracture-dislocation: A fracture-dislocation through inter tarsal joints.
56. Lisfranc fracture-dislocation: A fracture-dislocation through tarso-metatarsal joints.
*Note
Required time of bone healing
• Lisfranc joints 8-10 weeks
• Cuboid, cuneiform and scaphoid bones 6-10 weeks
Required time of rehabilitation
• Lisfranc joint 8 weeks to 4 months
• Cuboid, cuneiform and scaphoid bones 6 weeks
to 4 months*.
57. Jone’s fracture: Avulsion fracture of the base of the 5th metatarsal due to pull of peroneus brevis at the metaphyseo-diaphyseal junction.
58. Pseudo-Jones/ Dancer’s fracture: Avulsion fracture of the tip of the 5th metatarsal.
59. March fracture: Stress fracture of the shafts of 2nd or 3rd metatarsal